1. Waves transfer energy without transfering the matter.
2. Transverse wave's particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction.
3. Longitudinal wave's particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.
4. The amplitude of a wave determines its energy.
5. Higher amplitude has greater energy.
6. Damping of wave causes decrease in amplitude & energy.
7. Waves' wavefront is always pependicular to the direction of the waves.
8. Waves undergo all of these phenomena; reflection, refraction, diffraction &
interference.
9. Water,light & electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.
10.Coherent waves have same frequency & in phase.
11.As the frequency of a wave increases its energy increases and its wavelength
decreases.
12.Shorter waves with higher frequencies have shorter periods.
Facts about Light Wave
1. Light is a transverse wave
2. Light slows down, bends toward the normal and has a shorter wavelength when it
enters a higher refractive index(n).
3. Medium with higher refractive index has higher optical density.
At the critical angle a light wave will be refracted to 90 degrees.
Blue light has more energy,a shorter wavelength and a higher frequency than red
light (remember- ROYGBIV).
4. Monochromatic light has one color, frequency & wavelength.
Facts about water waves
1. Water waves moves faster at deeper region. This change in speed causes refraction
of water waves.
2. Water waves has longer wavelength at deeper region.
3. Deeper region is less dense than shallow region.
4. Water waves bended towards normal as it moves from deeper to shallow region.
5. After diffraction, water waves amplitude decrease thus its energy decrease as
well.However its speed, wavelength & frequency remain constant.
Facts about sound waves
1. Sound is a longitudinal waves.
2. Sound is produced through vibration, thus compressing & stretching the
surrounding air molecules.
3. Louder sound has bigger amplitude.
4. Sound with high pitch has higher frequency.
5. The sound that we hear is known as 'audio sound' that has freuency between 20-20
khz.
6. Those sound below 20hz is known as infrasound. While sound with frequency beyond
20khz is known as ultrasonic.
7. Sound require medium to travel. It travels fastest in solid> liquid> gas.
Sound can't be heard in vacuum
Therefore..Starwars' sound effect in outer space is a myth :)
Monday, February 22, 2010
Wednesday, February 3, 2010
Form 4 Post mortem
Salam Semua.....
Welcome to the month of February , the month with shortest no.of days but lots of public holidays :) [ Hari Wilayah (1st Feb) ,chinese new yr(14-15 Feb) & maulidur rasul (26 Feb)]. This is the month where teachers gonna be strugling to cope with their lesson plan as scheduled. By the way, i'm not gonna discuss about the lesson plan.
I will start my discussion with a simple question to all SPM candidates:
How many hours did u spend to revise form 4 chapters in a week ???
If your aswer is NO & have done nothing on form 4 so far, i think u need to reorganise your study plan. I believe most of u have forgotten most of the important physics facts in form4. If u dont have proper form4 revision plan.. u'll forget lots of things.
Ok some of them argued that their brilliant classmates dont need to revise them every week. Well i asked them back, ..Do u think they were telling u the truth??? Do u really know what these 'A' students are doin at home?? Anyway..ask your self again..Do your brain processor work as fast as their 'pentium dual core processor'??? If the answer is NO, then u better slap your face NOW, before its too late!
For this reason i'm asking for those who hardly pass their physics to at least consistently revise form4 topics in a week. For me, if u spend only an hour for form4 topics in a week wont be enough.WHy??..coz u have 3 physics papers to answer in SPM. Each paper will test u any form4 chapters.
For example in paper 3 section B, u will be given an option to design only one form4 experiment.
Let say U might have learned more than 15 experiments in form4. Out of all these experiments only 1 will come out in the exam...so the probability is roughly about 1 out of 15. None of us know which one will come out..Each experiment requires u to memorise the diagram, list of apparatus, procedure..and so on. ..I'm only talking about physics paper3, tak campur other papers as well...
On top of that..u have at least another 8 to 10 subjects plus form 5 topics to deal with. By the way,I think its time for u to do a post mortem on all form 4 chapters!!!
Otherwise, if u dont prepare from now...
Do u think u can understand & memorise all of those form4 topics just 3 months before 'trial' or 'SPM'???
Welcome to the month of February , the month with shortest no.of days but lots of public holidays :) [ Hari Wilayah (1st Feb) ,chinese new yr(14-15 Feb) & maulidur rasul (26 Feb)]. This is the month where teachers gonna be strugling to cope with their lesson plan as scheduled. By the way, i'm not gonna discuss about the lesson plan.
I will start my discussion with a simple question to all SPM candidates:
How many hours did u spend to revise form 4 chapters in a week ???
If your aswer is NO & have done nothing on form 4 so far, i think u need to reorganise your study plan. I believe most of u have forgotten most of the important physics facts in form4. If u dont have proper form4 revision plan.. u'll forget lots of things.
Ok some of them argued that their brilliant classmates dont need to revise them every week. Well i asked them back, ..Do u think they were telling u the truth??? Do u really know what these 'A' students are doin at home?? Anyway..ask your self again..Do your brain processor work as fast as their 'pentium dual core processor'??? If the answer is NO, then u better slap your face NOW, before its too late!
For this reason i'm asking for those who hardly pass their physics to at least consistently revise form4 topics in a week. For me, if u spend only an hour for form4 topics in a week wont be enough.WHy??..coz u have 3 physics papers to answer in SPM. Each paper will test u any form4 chapters.
For example in paper 3 section B, u will be given an option to design only one form4 experiment.
Let say U might have learned more than 15 experiments in form4. Out of all these experiments only 1 will come out in the exam...so the probability is roughly about 1 out of 15. None of us know which one will come out..Each experiment requires u to memorise the diagram, list of apparatus, procedure..and so on. ..I'm only talking about physics paper3, tak campur other papers as well...
On top of that..u have at least another 8 to 10 subjects plus form 5 topics to deal with. By the way,I think its time for u to do a post mortem on all form 4 chapters!!!
Otherwise, if u dont prepare from now...
Do u think u can understand & memorise all of those form4 topics just 3 months before 'trial' or 'SPM'???
Saturday, January 30, 2010
Form 4 Physics: Unit Conversion 2
1. How to convert 2.5 kg to mg.
Firstly you must convert 2.5 kg to g by replacing k with its factor 103
and it will become like this: 2.5 x 103 g
secondly, in order to convert 2.5 x 103 g to mg you must remember that the
factor of m is 10-3 so the value must be multiplied with 103
and that would become like this (2.5 x 103) x 103 mg which then equals to
2.5 x 106 mg
2. How to convert 5.5 µg to kg.
Firstly you must convert 5.5 µg to g by replacing µ with its factor 10-6
and it will become like this: 5.5 x 10-6 g
secondly, in order to convert 5.5 x 10-6 g to kg you must remember that the
factor of k is 103 so the value must be multiplied with 10-3
and that would become like this (5.5 x 10-6) x 10-3 kg which then equals to
5.5 x 10-9 kg
Try this:
a) Convert 4.2 kg to ……… µg
b) Convert 2.8 mg to ……… Kg
Answer: a) 4.2 x 109
b) 2.8 x 10-6
Firstly you must convert 2.5 kg to g by replacing k with its factor 103
and it will become like this: 2.5 x 103 g
secondly, in order to convert 2.5 x 103 g to mg you must remember that the
factor of m is 10-3 so the value must be multiplied with 103
and that would become like this (2.5 x 103) x 103 mg which then equals to
2.5 x 106 mg
2. How to convert 5.5 µg to kg.
Firstly you must convert 5.5 µg to g by replacing µ with its factor 10-6
and it will become like this: 5.5 x 10-6 g
secondly, in order to convert 5.5 x 10-6 g to kg you must remember that the
factor of k is 103 so the value must be multiplied with 10-3
and that would become like this (5.5 x 10-6) x 10-3 kg which then equals to
5.5 x 10-9 kg
Try this:
a) Convert 4.2 kg to ……… µg
b) Convert 2.8 mg to ……… Kg
Answer: a) 4.2 x 109
b) 2.8 x 10-6
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Form 4 Physics: Unit Conversion 1
To master the unit conversion questions my advice is u need to polish your maths basic skills such as conversion & standard form. But in physics,..by now u should already memorised the power of 10 for all the prefixes in Physics like Mega, Giga, kilo, micro & etc.
For example:
Mega = M = 106
kilo = k = 103
Here some working examples of unit Conversion :
1. 5 kg = 5 (k)g
= 5 (103 )g
= 5 x 103 g
( coz k is the prefix for 103, so just substitute the value of k with 103)
For example:
Mega = M = 106
kilo = k = 103
Here some working examples of unit Conversion :
1. 5 kg = 5 (k)g
= 5 (103 )g
= 5 x 103 g
( coz k is the prefix for 103, so just substitute the value of k with 103)
2. Lets change the unit from km/hr to m/s
7200 kmhr-2
= 7200 km / hr2
= 7200 x 103 m
-------- ----
( 60 x 60)2 s2
= 5.6 x 10 -1 ms-2
On next example i'll show u step by step how unit m3 is changed to cm3
4. 125 cm3, lets change the unit to m3
125 cm3 = 125( 1cm x 1cm x 1cm ), now we wanna change the unit cm to m,
coz prefix centi (c) means, c=10-2,so we subst symbol c with 10-2
= 125( 10-2m x 10-2m x 10-2m)
= 125( 10-2 x 10-2x 10-2) (m)3 see, the unit now changed to metre cube :)
= 125(10-2) m3
=125 x 10-6 m3
We can also rewrite it in standard form ,1.25 x 10-4 m3
Happy learning!!!!
Sunday, January 24, 2010
Friday, January 22, 2010
What are you waiting for?
Hi everyone..
Pejam celik..We 're now in the final week of January 2010. Soon January will be leaving us...cepatnya masa berlalu kan :)..
Usually every new year we'll try our best to kick our bad habits and start a new life. If u r a form 5 student.. i think u have to seriously think of your SPM preparation. In other words u must plan & start to work on your SPM target... so that u'r mentally ready to face SPM challenges on November.
I strongly advice u to write your target on a piece of paper and paste it in your room, on your table, etc, etc.... After that do some weekly F4 & F5 revision plan for all subjects especially Physics since it is quite a tough subject . You need to do proper planning..Remember!..failing to plan is planning to fail. For this reason, i attached an example of weekly REVISION PLANNER:
So what r u waiting for.. have a cup of coffee, a paper and a pen, and reflect: What kind of action plan will u take to make you as a successful SPM 2010 candidates.
Lets get a fresh start in this new year b4 its too late!
Thursday, January 21, 2010
SPM 'A' Tips:Manage your Time
Do you frequently feel overpressured by the amount of home work you have to do? ..or do u feel these homework disturbs your revision plan?
Why i asked these questions coz lately most of my students complaining they have less time to do revision...and the common excuses given was that, 'too much HOMEWORK'.
Ok..for me u should'nt treat your homework in a negative way. What i mean is..dont do the homework just to please your teacher. U should treat it as part of your revision plan. For example if u are in form 5, your teacher will assign u some homework or PEKA that need to be done daily or weekly. In order to pass up your homework on time,some of u tend to do it by either copying the answer from reference book or your friends' book. In the end, u dont understand a thing from it. If u feel that u are one of them, i'm sorry to say that u've wasted your valuable revision time. By right homework is an opportunity for u to revise what u've learned. Don't simply do it without knowing how to digest and understand all the concepts that being asked. Usually the homework can let u revise your form5 chapters. Take this opportunity to really understand all the Frm 5 concepts.
To get an A in physics, time management is very crucial. U must really plan your time. I always remind my students about time management bcoz u have at least 9 subjects to revise. All these subjects will be examined based on what u've learned within this 2 years'. For physics itself, u have 10 chapters . For those who weak in this subject, if u dont revise it at all in a week, u'll forget lots of stuff. If this attitude keep on going, then u'll pay a heavy price for it in November. Later, dont blame the schools,teachers or tutors for your poor results.
I personally think, everyone should ask ourselves.. How effective do we spend our time each day?
If the answer is negative, we should really start to manage our time effectively. The bottom line is to put our time to good use. To start managing time effectively, we need to set goals. When you know where you're going, you can then figure out what exactly needs to be done.
Without proper goal setting, you'll waste your time away on a confusion of conflicting priorities..
Without goal setting also, i dont think Christiano Ronaldo can become one of the best footballer in the world while Usain Bolt can become the fastest man on earth..
By the way, we tend to neglect goal setting because it requires persistent & continuous effort. What we fail to consider is that a little time and effort put in now, will save enormous amount of time, effort and frustration in the future. If u are a form 4 student who accidentally reading this post,i suggest u better put off your 'honeymoon' plan :)
I think thats it for now..may u gain something from this post. i wish u can start to manage your time efectively b4 its really TOO late...
Quoted from: fizbro
Why i asked these questions coz lately most of my students complaining they have less time to do revision...and the common excuses given was that, 'too much HOMEWORK'.
Ok..for me u should'nt treat your homework in a negative way. What i mean is..dont do the homework just to please your teacher. U should treat it as part of your revision plan. For example if u are in form 5, your teacher will assign u some homework or PEKA that need to be done daily or weekly. In order to pass up your homework on time,some of u tend to do it by either copying the answer from reference book or your friends' book. In the end, u dont understand a thing from it. If u feel that u are one of them, i'm sorry to say that u've wasted your valuable revision time. By right homework is an opportunity for u to revise what u've learned. Don't simply do it without knowing how to digest and understand all the concepts that being asked. Usually the homework can let u revise your form5 chapters. Take this opportunity to really understand all the Frm 5 concepts.
To get an A in physics, time management is very crucial. U must really plan your time. I always remind my students about time management bcoz u have at least 9 subjects to revise. All these subjects will be examined based on what u've learned within this 2 years'. For physics itself, u have 10 chapters . For those who weak in this subject, if u dont revise it at all in a week, u'll forget lots of stuff. If this attitude keep on going, then u'll pay a heavy price for it in November. Later, dont blame the schools,teachers or tutors for your poor results.
I personally think, everyone should ask ourselves.. How effective do we spend our time each day?
If the answer is negative, we should really start to manage our time effectively. The bottom line is to put our time to good use. To start managing time effectively, we need to set goals. When you know where you're going, you can then figure out what exactly needs to be done.
Without proper goal setting, you'll waste your time away on a confusion of conflicting priorities..
Without goal setting also, i dont think Christiano Ronaldo can become one of the best footballer in the world while Usain Bolt can become the fastest man on earth..
By the way, we tend to neglect goal setting because it requires persistent & continuous effort. What we fail to consider is that a little time and effort put in now, will save enormous amount of time, effort and frustration in the future. If u are a form 4 student who accidentally reading this post,i suggest u better put off your 'honeymoon' plan :)
I think thats it for now..may u gain something from this post. i wish u can start to manage your time efectively b4 its really TOO late...
Quoted from: fizbro
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
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